Since the line's opening, until the introduction of the first diesel railcars for passenger service in 1942, all activities  are being carried out by steam engines. The steam traction dominates until 1965, when the first diesel engines  are delivered and gradually replace steam in the freight services too. During the whole history of the line, a total of 25 steam engines representing three different series served the narrow gauge line between Septemvri and Dobrinishte.  Between the end of World War II and the year 1950, three additional locomotives from the 92.00 series "Mallet"  are being temporarily used on the Rhodope Narrow Gauge, borrowed from the Yugoslavian railways, but they are returned after the delivery of the 600.76 series for BDZ.

In two stages, in 1942 and once again in 1952, BDZ puts in operation a total of 7 diesel narrow gauge railcars for carrying out passenger services on the line Septemvri - Dobrinishte, as well as on the branch Varvara - Pazardzhik later on. They are representatives of two different series from the same manufacturer - the Hungarian company "Ganz".

With their introduction in 1965, the first 10 diesel engines for the Septemvri-Dobrinishte narrow gauge replace the steam traction in freight service and the diesel railcars series 81-00 and 82-00 in passenger service. By that time the new locomotives are the most powerful of their kind in the world. After two additional deliveries from Romania, BDZ has a total of 35 mainline diesel locomotives for 750mm gauge, which service the lines Septemvri-Dobrinishte, Pazardzhik-Varvara and Cherven bryag-Oryahovo.

For the needs of shunting in passenger and primarily in freight service, a total of 12 shunting locomotives operated at the stations of the narrow gauge line throughout the years. The machines are representatives of 4 different series. In addition, a steam engine of the series 600.76 has twice been sent to Velingrad station, where it has been kept in continuous operation and used for shunting. Today, only two engines of the 81-000 series are operational and they carry out the complete shunting activities at the narrow gauge station Septemvri.

At the time of the opening of the first section of the future line Tatar Pazardzhik-Nevrokop in 1926, the Rhodope Narrow Gauge has a total of 4 waggons. A rapid growth of the line, a big increase in passenger traffic and several deliveries of passenger cars follow, as well as shrinkage of activity and drawing of many waggons out of service later on. As a result, in 2015 the narrow gauge line Septemvri-Dobrinishte holds 30 passenger coaches, 3 baggage cars which are out of service, and the carbodies of 2 lounge cars. Station Septemvri is also the home of the two retro cars of the "Nostalgia" attraction trainset.

The first freightcars for the line were delivered in 1926. During the following 76 years freight traffic on the line increases tremendously and deliveries of hundreds of freightcars are being made - baggage cars, plattform cars, tank wagons and others. After 1990 the volume of freight traffic drastically drops and freight service on the line gradually comes to a complete shutdown in 2002. Thus the only freightcars for 750mm gauge that can be found today are abandoned and corroding on the tracks of the stations Septemvri, Velingrad, Razlog and Bansko.